American First, Mystic Second Whitman’s Western Patriotism in “Song of Myself” - Literature Essay Samples

Walt Whitman begins his poem, â€Å"Song of Myself,† with: â€Å"I celebrate myself /And what I assume you shall assume/For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you† (lines 1-3). In these lines, Whitman shows that everyone is equal. Equality is a quintessentially democratic and thus American ideal. But in the Editor’s Introduction, Malcolm Cowley does not believe the poem is American or democratic. Instead, he claims Whitman referenced Eastern texts, which tethers to the poem’s mystic and ecstatic qualities. However, considering Whitman’s patriotism, democratic beliefs, and his own rendition of spirituality, his poem is actually more Western than Eastern. Cowley fails to provide a concise criticism of â€Å"Song of Myself† in his reference to Eastern ideas and texts, and in turn fails to acknowledge Whitman’s love for America. Through his analysis, Cowley aims to shatter stereotypes of Whitman, but instead denies part of his identity. He writes: â€Å"The poem is hardly at all concerned with American nationalism and political democracy, contemporary progress, or other social themes that are commonly associated with Whitman’s work† (xiv). Though Whitman is a revered American poet due to his patriotism. He truly believed in the potential of his country. In line 312, he writes vividly about the Fourth of July, a time where all Americans feel love and pride for their country. His praise is obvious: â€Å"what salutes of cannon and small arms!† (313). Additionally, Whitman includes descriptions of all the states in chant sixteen, celebrating the diversity of the country. He calls America â€Å"one of the great nations, the nation of many nations the smallest the same and the largest the same† (330), further displaying his admiration for America. He refers to himself as a comrade of the citizens which shows he is a common person just like them, connecting with the theme of democratic equality. Even though Cowley denies the democracy of the poem, as stated in the previous quote, he attests to it. He writes: â€Å"Another point explained by Indian conceptions is the sort of democracy Whitman was preaching in ‘Song of Myself.’ There is no doubt that he was a democrat politically† (xxiv). Here, the editor contradicts himself, after stating earlier that the poem is â€Å"hardly associated with† political democracy. Another error in his statement is that democracy is not associated with Indian conceptions, as it is typically seen as an American belief. He classifies Whitman as â€Å"a Jacksonian democratthen a liberal but not a radical Republican (xxiv), yet at first wanted to stray away from that part of the author’s identity. Also, Cowley says the poem does not preach â€Å"rebellion or even reform,† (xxiv) in associating those ideas with democracy, but those lean more towards anarchy. The democratic idea of equality is more relevant, serving as a theme of the poem. In chant fifteen, Whitman lists a myriad of people, such as â€Å"the prostitute [who] draggles her shawl† (302) to patriarchs sitting at supper with sons and grandsons and great-grandsons around them (319). Obviously, one is of higher social status and more respected than the other, yet Whitman disregards this notion by putting them in the same stanza. By placing these contrasting images together into one section, he is reveals that they are equal because they are all the divine creation of God. Though Whitman sounds religious at times, it is often confused spirituality with Eastern religion. Cowley says: â€Å"What he [Whitman] preaches throughout the poem is not political but religious democracy, such as was practiced by the early Christians† (xxv). While he inserts an excerpt from Philosophies in India, he does not explain what religious democracy actually is. On top of that, he connects the practice to early Christians, yet Whitman did not agree with organized religion. In fact, the church would not approve of the poem due to its explicit sexual content. For example, Whiteman writes: â€Å"I mind how we lay in June, such a transparent summer morning/You settled your head athwart my hips and gently turned over upon me/And parted the shirt from my bosom-bone, and plunged your tongue to my barestript heart/And reached till you felt my beard, and reached till you held my feet. (78-81). Such vivid imagery about the body goes against religious principles. Although his nature imagery can be likened to biblical symbolism, Whitman really had a deep appreciation for nature, as many Romantic poets of his time shared. Like Cowley, critics who make those connections forget his ideals. Whitman mentions God and Christ in the poem, yet he it is his own idea of what God should be, rather than the Christian God. When considering his opposition with Christianity, focusing on religion does not make sense. Even though the transcendental imagery bears similarities to Eastern concepts, Whitman creates his own personal spirituality separate from any religion. By honing all of his analysis through Eastern texts, Cowley completely misses the point of the poem. Despite its mysticism, the author never confirmed his reference to Eastern texts or philosophies. What everyone does know is his love and hope for America and its democratic principles, through which he creates his own spirituality. He pins Whitman down, which is what he would not have wanted, and tries too hard to come up with a profound meaning. In this process, he disproves some of his arguments. Whereas Whitman may understand his misreading, for he also â€Å"contains multitudes† (1315), he is a patriot before he is a poet. Works Cited Cowley, Malcolm. Editor’s Introduction. Leaves of Grass: The First (1855) Edition. New York: Viking Penguin Inc, 1959. vii-xxxvii. Print. Whitman, Walt. â€Å"Song of Myself.† Leaves of Grass: The First (1855) Edition. New York: Viking Penguin Inc, 1959. 25-86. Print.

The Little-Known Secrets to Argument Essay Samples

<h1> The Little-Known Secrets to Argument Essay Samples </h1> <p>The first aspect of the exposition we'll investigate is the way that it prevails with regards to distinguishing and looking at the bits of the contention that are identified with the undertaking. Your exposition should comprise of late insights and information from dependable sources. Tie each guarantee you make to a touch of proof to ensure the perfect paper conceivable. Any fabulous undertaking gets done with a stunning end and the absolute best instances of the contentious exposition will show up in with an end which has an outline of the entirety of the focuses along with a substance of the confirmations gave. </p> <h2> Key Pieces of Argument Essay Samples </h2> <p>From that point, you would endeavor to exhibit that the activity which you're professing to be dishonest in some way or another disregards that ethical commitment. In the introduction, that is the absolute first p assage of the paper, Myrtle will need to illuminate the issue and express her position. Moreover, the author is hopeful concerning the state guarantee to wash the waterway. </p> <h2>What Argument Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not </h2> <p>You're going to need to pick a subject first, yet your theme should be something that has two clashing focuses or different ends. Glance through the rundown of points circumspectly and begin making a psychological assortment of the proof you may use on subjects you like. At the point when the subject was chosen, it's pivotal to think of a contention encompassing precisely the same. The theme picked for the reason ought to be alluring in the perspective on numerous perusers. </p> <h2> The New Fuss About Argument Essay Samples </h2> <p>It is significant to check audits about paper composing administrations so as to be sure they can convey your assignment before the cutoff time. This sort of expositi on needs a decent structure and remarkable help. The pugnacious exposition has a specific organization that must be followed to take the breath away of the peruser, and it is especially useful for understudies alongside the corporate while making key proposition. The contention paper in GRE requests explicit arrangement as an approach to endeavor it effectively. </p> <p>Before you begin composing your paper, you should discover increasingly about the theme you've picked. Paper composing as such is no straightforward endeavor to do. The great contentious Scholarship Essay Samples configurations and tests are simply world-class, and they will rouse people to compose factious articles in different rivalries. It is conceivable to likewise observe Writing Template.</p> <p>There's extraordinary advantage in rehearsing for the exposition at the opportune time of planning. It is conceivable to then work on repeating effective associations between thoughts in your training articles. All things considered, the assignment of the understudy is to simply clarify how different positions probably won't be very much educated or refreshed on this issue. Another explanation instructors are required is as they can show youngsters significant capacities and qualities. </p> <h2>The Nuiances of Argument Essay Samples </h2> <p> A end is, without question, the most essential part of the pugnacious exposition as conceivable either bolster the prevalent impression or wreck it completely. While choosing a definition, remember that there are a lot of sorts of moral contentions and that the heading you contend for your particular case depends in huge part on how you characterize your terms. The absolute first part of making this sort of contention is regularly building up that we tend to think about and identify with various people. The given contention is gotten directly from the pattern followed beforehand already. </p> <p>An factious exposition is a composing piece proposed to convince an individual to accept the way that you do. Basically anything that ought to be comprehended before perusing the rest of the exposition is foundation data, and should be remembered for the presentation. Moreover, the passage doesn't bolster the idea that pleasant discourse passes on tone online since it fundamental ly centers around the nonappearance of neighborly discourse on certain areas of the web. In spite of the fact that there are only two short passages, there's a ton of space for disarray here. </p> <h2> The Benefits of Argument Essay Samples </h2> <p>Whether it's a contentious or informative exposition which you're composing, it is fundamental to build up an unmistakable proposal explanation and a perfectly clear stable thinking. Prior to finishing up the article, it is crucial to sum up with a solid accentuation regarding the matter. Your postulation articulation has become the most significant sentence in your paper. The proof is a noteworthy segment of your exposition. </p> <p>If you're new to composing contentious papers, there are a few fundamental variables which you can discover that may assist you with making a vastly improved pugnacious exposition. The past issue to watch is the best approach to form an end for an informative article. There are a couple of explicit components which are vital in a pugnacious paper. So as to gracefully an inside and out comprehension about the pugnacious article, it is prudent to look at probably the best instances of factious paper. </p> <p>You just need to state that the contention is unjustifiable for a great deal of reasons. A far reaching contention As referenced previously, a contention shouldn't be formal. Likewise, don't anytime recommend that it has any benefits. Winning a contention isn't straightforward. </p> <p>Many individuals tend to create powerless contentions since they don't have the foggiest idea how to form a convincing contention. You'll presumably need to draw on a few definitive sources to help your contentions, and you should be familiar with the thing different people have said about the issue. </p> <h2> Whispered Argument Essay Samples Secrets </h2> <p>Contemplating the previously mentioned situations, it very well may be said that the contention doesn't remain valid and legitimate in each condition and should consider the adjustment in time notwithstanding the arrangement of occupants. A factious paper model will uncover the ought to have some basic segments which improve it in the act of persuading. Despite the fact that the reaction may begin to manage the appointed assignment, it conveys no turn of events. </p>

Research Paper Topics For King Arthur

<h1>Research Paper Topics For King Arthur</h1><p>If you are scanning for explore paper subjects for King Arthur, you will find that there are numerous decisions. Ruler Arthur is an anecdotal character, despite the fact that the legend has been given believability by individuals who have looked into his life and exercises. Arthur is additionally the embodiment of fearlessness, confidence, goodness, genuineness, trustworthiness, and perseverance, qualities that the vast majority would need to imitate in their own lives.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous legends about King Arthur, and a large number of these stories have been joined into the legend of Arthur himself. Lord Arthur was the child of a respectable family, and he had numerous undertakings as a warrior, while never losing his temper. He defeated numerous adversaries for a mind-blowing duration, from the Dragons to the English military. In certain legends, he is even said to have vanquish ed the insidious magician Morgaine de Rais, the final individual from the unbelievable Lancelot.</p><p></p><p>So, on the off chance that you need to examine paper themes for King Arthur, you will find that you can get into some very intriguing and engaging issues. You will find out about the historical backdrop of when King Arthur lived, and what he is thought to have done to overcome Morgaine de Rais. You will figure out how he may have communicated with Merlin, and his immediate relative of King Arthur Pendragon. You will likewise find out about his abilities with enchantment, which was viewed as one of the best on the planet at that point. He is thought to have been outstanding amongst other blade contenders, as well.</p><p></p><p>The Queen of the Britons, as King Arthur is alluded to in the legend, is said to have been named Morgan le Fay. She is additionally accepted to have been the principal sovereign of shrewdness witches and w izards. She assumed a significant job in the destruction of the acclaimed King Arthur, and furthermore took part in his death.</p><p></p><p>But, in spite of the fact that the Queen of the Britonsis among the subjects of a portion of the anecdotes about King Arthur, she is likewise very significant in another story that is identified with him. It is said that she was an admirer of King Arthur's uncle, Sir Lancelot. The two of them battled together against the insidious sorceress Morgaine de Rais and at last won.</p><p></p><p>One of the most intriguing subjects that you can examine when looking into paper points for King Arthur is the dating of this legend. Many accept that the legend started around the year 400, and that the work was expounded on a hundred years after the fact. This could be a piece of the legend, and furthermore something that was composed to give a record of occasions that occurred before it. It could likewise be vali d, or a legend composed to make individuals feel that the legend was more obvious than it really was.</p><p></p><p>There are other great subjects that you can look into. For instance, there are a few legends and fantasies that encompass King Arthur that doesn't match with a portion of the speculations that have been advanced by history specialists today. A portion of these legends include the passing of Arthur, and even his girl, Cleopatra. Notwithstanding, a portion of these legends do have establishment truth be told, and it is acceptable to find out about them as well.</p><p></p><p>As you can see, there are various fascinating and energizing points that you can look into about on the off chance that you are keen on finding out about the amazing King Arthur. Despite the fact that, he was a mainstream figure in certain circles of history, there are some different things that are all the more fascinating. Finding out about his life and the things that he did, just as his passing, is an engaging and beneficial task.</p>

Why Is Writing a College Application Essay So Important

Why Is Writing a College Application Essay So Important?Parent application articles and applications are two unique kinds of composing. Doubtlessly, your kid is applying for an honor. An honor doesn't really imply that the youngster will be qualified to get a grant, yet it implies that the person is in a situation to profit by it. These are expositions that are required so as to completely comprehend what the grant is for.When composing a school grant application article, you need to consider how it will be utilized. Grants are normally granted dependent based on scholastic execution and potential. Notwithstanding, grants may likewise be given to youngsters who are individuals from specific gatherings or their folks. This is the ideal opportunity for your kid to express their one of a kind point of view just as how they fit into the group.There are a few things that you have to consider when composing an exposition for the school grant. It is significant that you think of thoughts th at will urge the understudy to apply and that will persuade the entrance advisory board that the understudy is in fact meriting a school grant. This is the place a paper test proves to be useful. A grant exposition test will enable you to compose what you need, as opposed to what the entrance advisory board needs you to write.In request to discover a grant application article test, you can search for it on sites like Khan Academy. You will be given many models that are free. The explanation that these examples are free is on the grounds that they are composed by school confirmations officials themselves. These affirmations officials are searching for approaches to compose applications that are all the more intriguing and effective.Some of these school confirmations officials need more cash to pay for their own materials. Others try working intimately with you so they can be certain that their words mirror the entirety of the data that they needed to incorporate. This is the reason y ou should realize this can be helpful for you. Utilizing a paper test will allow you to work with somebody that is preferred qualified over you, which will assist you with writing your application without agonizing over the entirety of the subtleties of how it will be used.Writing a parent application exposition is similarly as significant as composing a school application article. Affirmations officials are continually looking for approaches to make their application simpler to peruse. Composing your paper in a sorted out and reasonable way will assist you with getting your grant application took note. This is the initial phase in getting your grant, so your application will show the confirmations official that you set aside the effort to study the school you are applying to.Having a parent application exposition is the initial phase in making sure about that school grant. So ensure that you utilize a parent application exposition test to assist you with getting that grant. With en ough commitment, it will pay off.

Central Causes of the Global Financial Crisis - 1295 Words

Central causes of the global financial crisis By Norbert Tallosi The global financial crisis of 2007-present caused the largest meltdown of major economies worldwide since the great depression of 1930. It involved the collapse of large investment banks and as a result affected all markets in the western world. A number of books, newspaper articles and media reports have been written in relation to what caused the crisis; due to the vast source of information and discussion on the topic, origins of the crisis could now be misconstrued. All forms of credible information; accurate financial data, statistics and reports are available to draw a conclusion from as to the cause, but greed was a motivating factor through the use of subprime†¦show more content†¦(Kirchhoff, Block, 2004) These home loans came with higher than usual interest rates and due to stressful periods in people’s lives; paying high lawyer fees during divorce proceedings or extensive medical bills due to prolonged illness, people signed for the loan anyway. (Knowledge @Wharton, 2008) With an inflated rate of return, in a few years these loans became unserviceable. Why did financial institutions lend a product with such high interest knowing that some people would eventually default? They proceeded because it made them money from loan fees when initially writing the loan. (Knowledge@Wharton, 2008) The lenders would make their money on fees and then sell the mortgages to other Investment banks like Fannie Mae and relinquish full responsibility. (Knowledge@Wharton, 2008) If the loan went into default, it would be the Investment banks problem not the original lenders. (Knowledge@Wharton, 2008) To avert the snide practice of predatory lending in the future, the U.S government implemented legislation to curtail it. (Kirchhoff, 2004) Once again, why would lenders complete such practices if not for greed? Lenders took advantage of vulnerable individuals, during a crisis point in their lives and weak financial regulations, passed by Government. (McLaugh lin, 1999) However, predatory lending was just spot-fires in a much larger problem.Show MoreRelatedFactors That Affects The Global Economy And Its Impact On The Nigeria And Egypt Economy1568 Words   |  7 Pagesthe factors that affects the global economy and their impact on the Nigeria and Egypt economy. In 2007, the financial crisis, which later extended to the global financial crisis began in the United States of America. The origin and elements of the 2007/2012 global financial crisis have been widely discussed in the literature throughout the period. The aim of this work is to, however, try to point out the reasons and also the macroeconomic effects of the financial crisis in both countries economy andRead MoreThe Role of Banks in Economic Recessions1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of banks in economic recessions 05.05.2009 In today’s wavering global economic context, the word `crisis` is omnipresent, taking the media by assault and infringing into the population’s daily life, although many countries haven’t even officially entered recession yet. Although recession is generally referred to as a negative Gross Domestic Product growth for a period of at least two consecutive quarters, other important economicRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of India1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Global financial sector had seen one of the worst Global economic meltdown of staggering proportions. The root cause of the problem was substandard loans offered to a large number of customers with inadequate income by the United States Mortgage market. This crisis was commonly known as the Sub-prime crisis. These sub-prime mortgages were packaged and traded into securitized paper investments and were sold by the major financial institutions across the globe. Subsequently, theseRead MoreFinancial Crises And Its Effects On Global Economic Crisis1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe 2007-2008 Financial Crisis- Its Causes and the Involvement of the FED The financial crises that occurred in 2007-2008 had such a big impact on the world that it is now considered a global financial crisis (GFC) or global economic crisis. It is commonly believed that it began in July 2007 with the credit crunch; U.S. investors lost trust in the value of subprime mortgages which caused a liquidity crisis. 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Essay Topics For ESL Students

<h1>Essay Topics For ESL Students</h1><p>Essay points for ESL understudies are basic to their prosperity. They are similarly as significant as different subjects, and they should be remembered for your educational program. Along these lines, you should consider a couple of things when you pick exposition subjects for ESL students.</p><p></p><p>First of all, ensure the understudies in your group can understand and communicate in English. This is the main way you will have the option to figure out what article subjects are proper for them. The most noticeably awful thing you can do is think of them such that is inconceivable for them to comprehend. That doesn't bode well, and it is probably going to get them to quit reacting to your assignments.</p><p></p><p>Essay subjects for ESL understudies are not constrained to history, topography, and writing. Commonly an understudy may not be comfortable with a portion of the scie nce or innovation terms you use in your paper. Additionally, the vast majority of the best science and innovation papers are written in a to some degree theoretical design. That bodes well for these sorts of subjects, however on the off chance that you are expounding on medication, at that point there will be a requirement for more top to bottom discussion.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to ensuring they can communicate in English, you have to ensure that the understudies in your group are prepared for more elevated level courses like secondary school. The classes used to be four credits in length. Presently, understudies experience a few semesters before they even get to secondary school. It is even feasible for understudies to be out of secondary school before they start classes for school. This is one of the fundamental reasons why article points for ESL understudies should concentrate on them heading off to college or university.</p><p></p>&l t;p>One of different issues you ought to consider is ensuring the understudies in your group can deal with the subjects you are expounding on. You have to ensure they comprehend the central matters of the paper, and that they can give a type of reaction to the papers you send to them. You likewise need to ensure they can convey all around ok to assist you with the paper.</p><p></p><p>To help with the article points for ESL understudies, you ought to have a wide range of papers. They have to peruse different articles and have a thought of how the theme ought to be finished. Along these lines, you should discover subjects that are simpler for them to comprehend. This likewise assists with dodging them getting exhausted with your assignments.</p><p></p><p>You will likewise need to ensure that you have a lot of exposition subjects for ESL understudies. In the event that you don't, at that point they will never realize where to begin whe n it comes time to compose their own article. Try not to convey an excessive number of them, however. You need to restrict the quantity of themes that they need to browse, so you don't have an excessive number of issues with plagiarism.</p><p></p><p>If you can't compose the papers yourself, you might need to employ a mentor to compose article subjects for ESL understudies. This may cost you somewhat more, however you will be ensured to get probably the best counsel and help you can get from a specialist. You should simply give them a subject and a layout for your article, and they will compose the paper for you. Most occasions, they will concoct the best article subjects for ESL understudies that you can have, so you should exploit that.</p>

Sexual Assault And Its Effects On The Middle Upper Class...

Introduction I argue that current research on sexual assault focuses disproportionately on the experiences of White, middle-upper class, heterosexual survivors. Due to this focus on White, college aged, female experiences of sexual assault, survivors who identify with minority groups such as the LGBTQ+ community, racial/ethnic minorities, and with the lower class do not have the support services needed to help them recover from sexual assault. Understanding how minority persons needs differ can help rape crisis centers and other sexual assault support agencies more accurately provide resources that not only help these minority groups individually, but also helps survivors who have multiple intersecting minorities as they can choose from diverse services for those that will best help them recover. Theory The theories used most often to explain experiences of sexual assault are variations in feminist theory. However, each variation of feminist theory may not be most helpful when addressing what services need to be available to survivors to best help the majority of people. Therefore, there needs to be an acknowledgement of the weaknesses that each theory may present when performing research on sexual assault. Radical and liberal feminist theories identify sexual assault as occurring due to women’s oppression through gender role socialization and patriarchal dominance (Burgess-Proctor, 2006). Radical and liberal feminists posit that sexual assault is an act of power andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media On Women s Self Esteem1327 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, I will argue that the media portrays one image of beauty and this has a damaging effect on women’s mental health, resulting in low self esteem and further deepening gender inequality within our society. 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Assessment of IQ in Children and Adolescent is a Poor Predictor of Sch

Question: Write an essay on the topic "Assessment of IQ in children and adolescent is a poor predictor of school achievement". Answer: For more than a century, it was believed that intelligence quotient is the measure of how clever people are and the elite society have always used the test to find out the intelligence of subpar applicants. However, scientists have dismissed this scale as a myth as they found that our intelligence is a combination of at least three results of our mental alertness. There are different kinds of circuits within the brain, and it is used for different thought processes. As per the researchers verbal skills, reasoning and short-term memory skills are needed to measure the overall intelligence of an individual (Duckworth et al., 2012). This is an argumentative essay and it shall contain reasons and arguments as to why intelligence quotient tests are a poor predictor of assessment of intelligence in school achievement. Scores on intelligence tests were originally used as a formula that involved calculation. Therefore, the tests were known as intelligence quotient or IQ scores. Though we continue to use the term IQ, intelligence quotient test scores are no longer dependent on the earlier formula. However, students having high IQ typically do well in school; however, one cannot conclude that their high level of success is actually an outcome of their intelligence (Ganz et al., 2013). The first argument that depends on this proposition is that, other than intelligence, many factors such as family resources, parental support, motivation and peer group expectations are the other factors that are involved in support of their success. It has been seen that many students who have IQ perform badly in class and others who have a low IQ do comparatively better in class. IQ tests do not depend on certain specific topics it is as overall determination of our intelligence (Kaufman et al., 2015). For example, IQ contains questions that are based on reasoning, analysis and general knowledge whereas, school tests contains questions that are subject specific and students get enough time for preparation of that subject. Hence, one cannot relate results of intelligence quotient with academic success of the child. The second argument that can be stated in favour of the proposition is that intelligence quotient tests have a restricted shelf life. While it is true that IQ scores do a reasonable job for predicting students school performance but for a short period, may be for a year or two but for a longer run one cannot depend on the results of the IQ tests for determining success especially when the child in is preschool or in the elementary years. Intelligence, changes with change in time, thus how it is measured should also change. The longer the time gap between intelligence, the higher are the chances of fluctuation in intelligence (Grinblatt et al., 2012). The cognitive ability and IQ scores of children increase with time when children are highly motivated and along with proper motivation other stimulating factors and a variety of reading materials is helpful. Hence, it shall be wrong to relate directly the IQ scores with school success and achievement. However, this is not the case always, many modern intelligence tests and techniques have been developed that predicts precisely how well students are able to perform in classrooms. Studies have repeatedly shown that students are likely to perform better in class who have high intelligence quotient scores and that it is correlated with one another. Based on the findings, it was seen that on an average, children with higher IQ scores do better in class as compared to those who have low level of IQ and they completed more years of education. Hence, with this finding it may be concluded that IQ scores often predict school achievement, though imprecisely. This is the reason why many psychologists depend on modern IQ test scores to determine the relationship between IQ test scores and school achievement (Berliner and Glass, 2014). Additionally, IQ tests comprises of questions related to reasoning ability and working memory tests. If as a student, one has the power to reason and understand things and has the capability of memorising things then as a student one may definitely be good in academics. As school life learning, is also related to understanding of subjects and reasoning them appropriately (Mesquita et al., 2016). If we rely on the counter arguments that reason the ability of determining school success depending on IQ test results, the logic presented may be refuted depending on the following points. Firstly, as stated in the counter argument, that modern IQ test scores depend on modern skills and techniques and are more reliable as compared to the earlier techniques. However, modern techniques and skills are not always reliable, as IQ scores do not cover all the variations as revealed by the tests. They fail to take into consideration that for determining academic success certain subjects need to be focused. For example, a student of mathematics may be good at solving mathematical calculations however; he may be bad at logical reasoning. This happens, as there are individual differences in the processing of information related to numbers and figures (Ritchie et al., 2013). Secondly, memorising and reasoning ability has nothing to do with academic learning. Academic learning requires understan ding of particular subjects in which individual differences occur depending on the interests of that person in that subject. For example, a student may be good in history as he has interest in learning and understanding history, whereas, he may be bad in science, as he does not have any interest in learning and understanding that subject. In such a scenario, IQ scores have no role to play in academic success (Wilsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ching et al., 2013). Conclusively, it may be stated that since IQ test scores are not subjective in nature and cover a wide range of objectives in their analysis and reasoning, hence, it is wrong to use the test scores of IQ as a predictor in school achievement. Based on the arguments, facts, reasoning and examples it may be concluded that IQ test scores are a poor predictor of school achievement. References: Berliner, D.C. and Glass, G.V. eds., 2014.50 myths and lies that threaten America's public schools: The real crisis in education. Teachers College Press. Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., Tsukayama, E. (2012). What No Child Left Behind leaves behind: The roles of IQ and self-control in predicting standardized achievement test scores and report card grades.Journal of educational psychology,104(2), 439. Ganz, P. A., Kwan, L., Castellon, S. A., Oppenheim, A., Bower, J. E., Silverman, D. H., ... Belin, T. R. (2013). Cognitive complaints after breast cancer treatments: examining the relationship with neuropsychological test performance.Journal of the National Cancer Institute, djt073. Grinblatt, M., Keloharju, M., Linnainmaa, J. T. (2012). IQ, trading behavior, and performance.Journal of Financial Economics,104(2), 339-362. Kaufman, A. S., Raiford, S. E., Coalson, D. L. (2015).Intelligent testing with the WISC-V. John Wiley Sons. Mesquita, C., Nazar, B.P., Pinna, C.M., Rabelo, B., Serra-Pinheiro, M.A., Sergeant, J. and Mattos, P., 2016. How can Continuous Performance Test help to assess inattention when Mood and ADHD symptoms coexist?.Psychiatry Research. Ritchie, S. J., Bates, T. C., Der, G., Starr, J. M., Deary, I. J. (2013). Education is associated with higher later life IQ scores, but not with faster cognitive processing speed.Psychology and aging,28(2), 515. Wilsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ching, M., Pascoe, L., Doyle, L. W., Anderson, P. J. (2014). Effects of correcting for prematurity on cognitive test scores in childhood.Journal of paediatrics and child health,50(3), 182-188.